Description

Hydroxyurea Capsules IP 500 mg – Oral Chemotherapy for Sickle Cell Anemia & Cancers

Hydroxyurea Capsules IP 500 mg is a prescription oral chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of blood disorders and cancers. Most commonly, it is prescribed for patients with sickle cell anemia to reduce painful crises and the need for blood transfusions. It is also used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), head and neck cancers, and polycythemia vera.

Hydroxyurea works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells and altering red blood cell production. It is classified as an antimetabolite and is often used in long-term maintenance therapy for chronic hematologic conditions. This medication is taken orally and is well absorbed, making it an effective option for outpatient cancer care and hematologic disease management.

What is Hydroxyurea 500 mg Used For?

Hydroxyurea 500 mg is commonly prescribed for:

• Sickle Cell Anemia: To reduce the frequency of painful crises and decrease hospitalizations
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): To control high white blood cell counts
• Polycythemia Vera: To reduce the number of red blood cells and prevent blood clots
• Head and Neck Cancer: Used as part of combination therapy
• Other Myeloproliferative Disorders: As prescribed by specialists

How Does Hydroxyurea Work?

Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis. By interfering with DNA replication, it slows down the growth of abnormal cells, particularly in cancers and blood disorders. In sickle cell disease, it increases fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, which helps reduce the sickling of red blood cells and improves oxygen transport.

Key Effects:

• Suppresses abnormal blood cell growth
• Reduces inflammation and pain episodes in sickle cell patients
• Improves red blood cell flexibility and oxygen-carrying capacity

Dosage and Administration

The typical starting dose is based on body weight and medical condition:

• Sickle Cell Disease: Usually 15 mg/kg/day (adjusted over time)
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: 20–30 mg/kg/day, adjusted by blood counts
• Polycythemia Vera: 15–20 mg/kg/day

The capsules are taken by mouth with or without food, usually once daily. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on regular blood tests. Never open or crush capsules—swallow whole with water.

Benefits of Hydroxyurea 500 mg

• Effective in reducing painful episodes in sickle cell anemia
• Helps lower abnormal blood cell counts in cancers
• Can delay disease progression in CML and other disorders
• Improves quality of life with proper monitoring

Side Effects of Hydroxyurea

Common side effects:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Hair thinning

Serious (but rare) side effects:

• Low blood cell counts (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
• Mouth ulcers or sores
• Darkened skin or nails
• Increased risk of infections

Note: Regular blood monitoring is required to adjust the dose and reduce risks of bone marrow suppression.

Precautions & Warnings

• Hydroxyurea may harm unborn babies – avoid use in pregnancy
• Use effective birth control while taking this medication
• Do not use if you have a known allergy to hydroxyurea
• Regular CBC, liver, and renal function tests are needed

Drug Interactions

Hydroxyurea may interact with:

• Antiretroviral drugs (especially didanosine and stavudine)
• Live vaccines (avoid while using Hydroxyurea)
• Immunosuppressants – increased risk of infections

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (15–30°C)
• Keep in the original packaging
• Protect from light and moisture
• Keep out of reach of children and pets

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Conclusion

Hydroxyurea 500 mg is a life-changing treatment for patients with sickle cell anemia and myeloproliferative cancers. Its oral administration and proven efficacy make it a vital medication in chronic disease management. Always use under close medical supervision for best outcomes and safety.